50 Family Relationships between Radioactive Isotopes. 47 Hydrogen Bonds between Polar Molecules. 45 Valence Electrons: The Octet Rule and Lewis Structures. 40 The Bohr Atom: The Quantum Makes Its Chemical Debut.43 The “Roll Call” of Elements: The Atomic Number. 37 Milestones.38 Measuring Accurate Distances between Atoms or Ions. 37 The Atomic Nucleus: “The Fly in the Cathedral”. 36 2.ġ911–1920: Discovering the Atomic Nucleus and Understanding the Octet Rule. 34 Scientist of the Decade: Marie Curie (1867–1934). 30 Industrial Processes: Artificial Rubber. Industrial Processes: Sulfur and Sulfuric Acid. 28 Macromolecules and Colloids: Insights and Confusions. 27 “Ferments” and Enzymes.27 Nucleic Acids. 25 A Surprise and a Hint of a New Century of Adventure in Mechanism.26 Beginnings of Biochemistry as “Super-Organic Chemistry”: Sugars and Proteins. 20 Column Chromatography: The Beginnings of Modern Separation Science. 17 Thermodynamics, Kinetics, and the Dream of “Fixing” Atmospheric Nitrogen.17 Octahedral Coordination Compounds? Stereochemistry to the Rescue!. 16 Transformations of Natural Radioelements: “Nature’s Alchemy”.
11 Hints of Subatomic Structure: Mass and Charge of the Electron. 7 Atoms Are Real: So Say Einstein and Perrin. 6 The Rare Earths Are Really Not So Rare. 2 Milestones.2 Analysis of Elements by Their Emission Spectra: Enter Quantum Theory. 1 Physics Begins to Dramatically Impact Chemistry.1 The Periodic Table on the Eve and Early Dawn of the Twentieth Century. xxi 1.ġ901–1910: Atoms Are Real but Not the Smallest Bits of Matter. Oakes Printed in the United States of America VB FOF 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 This book is printed on acid-free paper.Ĭontents Preface. Preston and Salvatore Luongo Illustrations by Bobbi McCutcheon Photo research by Elizabeth H. Preston and Kerry Casey Cover design by Dorothy M. You can find Facts On File on the World Wide Web at Text design by Dorothy M. Please call our Special Sales Department in New York at (212) 967-8800 or (800) 322-8755. QD15.G74 2007 540.9'04-dc22 2006022920 Facts On File books are available at special discounts when purchased in bulk quantities for businesses, associations, institutions, or sales promotions. (Twentieth-century science) Includes bibliographical references and index. Chemistry : decade by decade / Arthur Greenberg. An imprint of Infobase Publishing 132 West 31st Street New York NY 10001 ISBN-10: 0-8160-5531-9 ISBN-13: 978-0-8160-5531-9 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Greenberg, Arthur. For information contact: Facts On File, Inc. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the publisher. CHEMISTRY: Decade by Decade Copyright © 2007 by Arthur Greenberg All rights reserved. This book is dedicated to my wife, Susan our children, David and Rachel to my parents, Murray and Bella and Susan’s parents, Wilbert and Rena.